Red Hat System Administration III
###################单元 八
Mariadb数据库
#######################################Mariadb安装
安装mariadb和mariadb-client组件:
# yum groupinstall -y mariadb mariadb-client
启动mariadb服务:
# systemctl start mariadb ; systemctl enable mariadb
校验mariadb的监听端口:
# ss -antlp |grep mysql
编辑/etc/my.cnf文件,在[mysqld]中加入以下参数:
skip-networking=1
# systemctl restart mariadb
# ss -antlp |grep mysql
此时只允许通过套接字文件进行本地连接,阻断所有来自网络的tcp/ip连接。
##########使用mysql_secure_installation工具进行数据库安全设置,根据提示完成操作:
# mysql_secure_installation
登录数据库:
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: redhat
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database
|
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql
|
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
##################################数据库基本操作SQL
SHOW DATABASES;
CREATE DATABASE database_name;
USE database_name;
SHOW tables;
CREATE TABLE table_name (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1));
DESCRIBE table_name;
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES ('wxh','M');
SELECT * FROM table_name;
UPDATE table_name SET attribute=value WHERE attribute > value;
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE attribute = value;
DROP TABLE table_name;
DROP DATABASE database_name;
#######################用户和访问权限
创建用户
CREATE USER wxh@localhost identified by 'westos';
CREATE USER lee@'%' identified by 'redhat';
查看用户
MariaDB [(none)]> select user from mysql.user
用户授权
GRANT INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,SELECT on mariadb.* to wxh@localhost;
GRANT SELECT on mariadb.* lee@'%';
重载授权表
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
查看用户授权
SHOW GRANTS FOR wxh@localhost;
撤销用户权限
REVOKE DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT on mariadb.* from wxh@localhost;
删除用户
DROP USER wxh@localhost;
##################备份与恢复
备份
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat westos > westos.dump
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --all-databases > backup.dump ##所有的数据库备份
# mysqldump -uroot -predhat --no-data westos > westos.dump##只备份框架
恢复
# mysqladmin -uroot -predhat create db2
# mysql -uroot -predhat db2 < westos.dump
eg:
[root@httpserver ~]# mysqldump -uroot -phello student > /mnt/student.sql##将student数据库备份到/mnt
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -phello -e "DROP DATABASE student;" ##删除student数据库
[root@httpserver ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -phello create student
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -phello -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| student |
+--------------------+
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -phello -e "SHOW TABLES FROM student;"
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -phello student < /mnt/student.sql ##恢复student数据库
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -phello -e "SHOW TABLES FROM student;"
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_student |
+-------------------+
| linux |
+-------------------+
修改root用户密码
mysqladmin -uroot -predhat password linux ##将root用户密码改为linux
忘了数据库密码怎么办?
# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
eg:
[root@httpserver ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
[root@httpserver ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & ##跳过数据库授权表
[1] 3313
[root@httpserver ~]# 170418 22:11:29 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
170418 22:11:29 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql ##按“Enter”
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from mysql.user;
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password('hello')where user='root'; ##设置root用户密码为hello
[root@httpserver ~]# ps aux |grep mysql
root 3313 0.0 0.0 113248 1620 pts/0 S 22:11 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql 3468 0.0 5.1 859060 96752 pts/0 Sl 22:11 0:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 3613 0.0 0.0 112656 984 pts/0 R+ 22:25 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@httpserver ~]# kill -9 3313
[root@httpserver ~]# kill -9 3468
[1]+ 已杀死 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
[root@httpserver ~]# ps aux |grep mysql
root 3615 0.0 0.0 112656 980 pts/0 S+ 22:26 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@httpserver ~]# systemctl restart mariadb ##重启mariadb
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -phello
#######################################Lab:
• 在serverX和desktopX上执行脚本:# lab mariadb setup
User Password Privileges
mary mary_password select on all tables from legacy database
legacy legacy_password select,insert,update,delete on all tables from legacy database
report report_password select on all tables from legacy database
Name Seller Phone number
HP Joe Doe +1 (432) 754-3509
Dell Luke Skywalker +1 (431) 219-4589
Lenovo Darth Vader +1 (327) 647-6784
install mariadb database groups.
start and enable the mariadb service.
stop and disable the firewall.
create the legacy database.
restore the database backup (/home/student/mariadb.dump).
create users according to the ticket.
insert the new manufacturers.
from your desktopX system,validate your work.
[student@desktopX ~]$ lab mariadb grade
mysql
==========
##设置mysql
yum install mysql mysql-server
[root@httpserver conf.d]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@httpserver conf.d]# netstat -antlpe |grep mysql ##查看对外端口
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 442908 4633/mysqld
[root@httpserver conf.d]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip-networking=1 ##安全设置对外端口不开放
[root@httpserver conf.d]# mysql_secure_installation ##第一次安装mysql以后通过这条命令可以对mysql进行设置
[root@httpserver conf.d]# mysql -uroot -predhat ##从本机登录mysql数据库
mysqladmin -uroot -predhat password westos 修改本地mysql root密码
mysqladmin -uroot -predhat -h 192.168.0.188 password westos 修改远程192.168.0.188 mysql服务器 root密码
show databases; 显示数据库
use mysql; 进入数据库
show tables; 显示数据库中的表
desc user; 查看user表的数据结构
flush privileges; 刷新数据库信息
select host.user,password from user; 查询user表中的host，user，password字段
eg：
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; ##显示数据库
create database westos; 创建westos数据库
use westos;
create table linux( 创建表，username，password字段
username varchar(15) not null,
password varchar(15) not null
);
select * from mysql.user; 查询mysql库下的user表中的所以
alter table linux add age varchar(4); 添加age字段到linux表中
ALTER TABLE linux DROP age 删除age字段
ALTER TABLE linux ADD age VARCHAR(5) AFTER name 在name字段后添加字段age
MariaDB [(none)]> create database redhat
MariaDB [(none)]> use redhat
MariaDB [(none)]> use redhat
MariaDB [redhat]> SELECT * FROM student;
+----------+---------+
| username | passwd |
+----------+---------+
| user1 | passwd1 |
| user1 | 123 |
MariaDB [redhat]> delete from student where passwd=123
MariaDB [redhat]> DROP TABLE student;
MariaDB [redhat]> DROP DATABASE redhat；
show tables;
desc linux;
insert into linux values ('user1','passwd1'); 在linux表中插入值为username = user1，password = password1
update linux set password=password('passwd2') where username=user1; 更新linux表中user1 的密码为password2
delete from linux where username=user1; 删除linux表中user1的所以内容
grant select on *.* to user1@localhost identified by 'passwd1'; 授权user1 密码为passwd1 并且只能在本地 查询数据库的所以内容
grant all on mysql.* to user2@'%' identified by 'passwd2'; 授权user2 密码为passwd2 可以从远程任意主机登录mysql 并且可以对mysql数据库任意操作
备份
/var/lib/mysql
mysqldump -uroot -predhat mysql > mysql.bak 备份mysql库到mysql.bak
mysql -uroot -predhat westos < mysql.bak 恢复mysql.bak 到westos库
mysql 密码恢复
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & 跳过grant-tables授权表 不需要认证登录本地mysql数据库
update mysql.user set password=password('westos') where user='root'; 更新mysql.user 表中条件为root用户的密码为加密westos
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
phpmyadmin
yum install php php-mysql httpd mysql mysql-server
tar jxf phpmyadmin-*.tar.bz2 -C /var/www/html
mv phpmyadmin phpadmin
cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
vim config.inc.php
add
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'test';
/etc/init.d/httpd start
http://192.168.0.188/phpadmin
eg:
[root@httpserver ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@httpserver ~]# mysql -uroot -predhat
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE database student
-> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE student;
Database changed
MariaDB [student]> CREATE TABLE linux(
-> username varchar(40) not null,
-> password varchar(40) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
MariaDB [student]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [student]> ALTER TABLE linux ADD age varchar(5);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.54 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [student]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [student]> ALTER TABLE linux DROP age;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.38 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [student]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [student]> ALTER TABLE linux ADD age varchar(5) AFTER username;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [student]> DESC linux;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| username | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |
| password | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [student]> INSERT INTO linux values ('user1','18','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.31 sec)
MariaDB [student]> SELECT * from linux;
+----------+------+----------+
| username | age | password |
+----------+------+----------+
| user1 | 18 | 123 |
+----------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [student]> INSERT INTO linux values ('user2','25','234');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.30 sec)
MariaDB [student]> SELECT * from linux;+----------+------+----------+
| username | age | password |
+----------+------+----------+
| user1 | 18 | 123 |
| user2 | 25 | 234 |
+----------+------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
安装数据库
[root@httpserver ~]# lftp 172.25.254.250
lftp 172.25.254.250:~> cd pub/docs/software/
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub/docs/software> get phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
4548030 bytes transferred
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub/docs/software> quit
[root@httpserver ~]# mv /root/phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 /www/html/
[root@httpserver ~]# cd /www/html/
[root@httpserver html]# ls
admin index.php test.html
cgi phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
[root@httpserver html]# tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2##解压.tar.bz2的压缩包
[root@httpserver html]# ls
admin phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages
cgi phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
index.php test.html
[root@httpserver html]# rm -fr phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2 ##删除压缩包
[root@httpserver html]# mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages mysqladmin ##重命名为mysqladmin
[root@httpserver html]# cd mysqladmin/
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# ls
..... README
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# less README
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# less Documentation.txt
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# vim config.inc.php ##
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# yum search php
php-mysql.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL
: databases
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# yum install php-mysql.x86_64 -y
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# systemctl restart httpd
安装论坛
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# lftp 172.25.254.250
lftp 172.25.254.250:~> cd pub/
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub> get Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
12486177 bytes transferred
lftp 172.25.254.250:/pub> quit
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# ls
.........
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# mv Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip /www/html/
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# ls
.......
[root@httpserver mysqladmin]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@httpserver mysql]# ls
aria_log.00000001 ib_logfile0 mysql.sock
aria_log_control ib_logfile1 performance_schema
ibdata1 mysql student
[root@httpserver mysql]# cd /www/html/
[root@httpserver html]# ls
admin Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip mysqladmin
cgi index.php test.html
[root@httpserver html]# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
Archive: Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
creating: readme/
inflating: readme/changelog.txt
inflating: readme/convert.txt
[root@httpserver html]# chmod 777 upload -R
[root@httpserver html]# setenforce 0